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Quarterly Letter – Fourth Quarter 2024

INTRODUCTION

As we bid farewell to the first quarter of the 21stcentury, we stand at the crossroads of innovation and uncertainty, where the echoes of past challenges mingle with the whispers of future possibilities. In this letter, our CEO John Bird explores how perspectives of political events have shifted over time, challenging our understanding of economic decision-making. Our CIO Jason Ware remarks on the economics of 2024, setting the stage for an intriguing financial landscape in 2025.Then, Senior Wealth Advisor Anders Skagerberg, standing at the threshold of this new year with its opportunities and challenges, looks to turn your aspirations into achievable goals and navigate the evolving landscape of personal finance with confidence and clarity.

FROM JOHN BIRD’S DESK

While inauguration day is still several weeks away it’s clear President elect Trump is already having an impact on how we view policy and economics domestically and globally. Markets responded favorably to his propensity toward deregulation and lower taxes. Individual reactions to Trump’s statements vary wildly depending on preconceived notions of his policy and personal views of his character. This is normal. Yet for the better part of a century the field of economics treated human emotions as secondary. When and why did economics become a field viewing itself as distinct from politics specifically and the vagaries of the human condition writ large?

The study of political economy evolved in the sixteenth century as philosophers of the time worked to understand the interplay of government policy and household management. These early writers wanted to know how we as individuals made decisions and how
government policy choices impacted those decisions. Adam Smith is perhaps the best known visionary in this school of thought though there were several others influential at the time. An overriding thesis was the notion that allowing for individual incentives fostered greater creativity, effort, and wealth creation than dictates from on high.

Centuries later, toward the end of the eighteen hundreds physical sciences were expanding understanding of our natural world through the scientific method and increased use of mathematics. It was in this period that the term “economics” began to supplant “political economy” as the field worked to shift more toward mathematical modeling of economic decision making with less reliance on factoring in the human emotional element driving the course of our economic path.

In the twentieth century the study of economics was dominated by factors that could be quantified. Numbers ruled the roost. And this period gave us volumes of insights into the working of our economic system which continue to help guide policy and investment decisions today. Yet an awareness of the importance of human behavior in economics can scarcely be overstated. Many of us work to be logical in our decision-making. But when we pull the trigger, it is the emotion of the moment that compels us to act. As investors we ignore this reality at our peril.

The University of Michigan collects data on consumer sentiment based on political party and the insights are a striking example of how our worldview impacts our perceptions. The information highlights that when a democrat is elected to the oval office democratic consumer sentiment spikes upward while republican sentiment plummets. When a republican is elected the effect is inverted. These changes in sentiment are at best loosely correlated (and typically not correlated at all) to unemployment rates, income growth, interest rates or other quantifiable factors that impact aggregate financial well-being. Rather, it’s us as humans acting … human. Turns out how we feel about something has a big impact.

When we look at how we respond to various events – like elections – it’s clear that “political economy” is a better way of understanding our environment and our behaviors than economics alone. It’s also essential to note that while we may understand the why of the financial markets a bit better that doesn’t mean we should change our approach. We continue to invest in companies with competitive advantages that can be sustained for the foreseeable future. We continue to hold those companies regardless of the emotions of the moment. Sometimes in the face of emotional swings so common to our human condition our best course of action is to follow the advice of the white rabbit in Lewis Carrol’s Alice in Wonderland: “Don’t just do something, stand there.” As we enter 2025, we will keep the wise words of said rabbit in mind and keep a steady hand on the tiller of your investments. Thank you for your continued trust and confidence in the Albion team. We wish you a healthy and prosperous new year.

ECONOMY & MARKETS by Jason Ware

What a charmed time this has been for Wall Street! The economy and earnings are doing well. Inflation and interest rates are coming down. Shoppers are outshopping. The US dollar has rallied, and the incoming administration is assumed to be more business friendly. The stock market is in its happy place as evidenced by yet another +20% annual gain. As we close out the year, let us explore each.

The US economy is strong. The labor market is healthy, people are pending, we have a boom in technology capex(AI and Cloud), and there remains a sturdy pro-growth fiscal tailwind. Things look fine today (nothing in the data points to recession) and growth in the years ahead should be stronger than the decade pre-Covid … not by a lot, but better … on rising real incomes, sustained expansionary policies from the Beltway, strong spending and investment on infrastructure and technology, and enhanced productivity.

On prices, the 2021-23 inflation problem has been solved. Not in terms of price level, that’s not going back down (a good thing). But as it relates to price growth, we’re now far better off. While the Fed’s 2% target remains elusive, we are close. Our view holds (for a few reasons) that we can expect inflation roughly in the mid-2s … that 2% will be this cycle’s floor not its ceiling (like in the 2010s) … and that’s just fine. Anything under 3% should be constructive for the economy and financial markets.

Meanwhile, the Fed is now in an easing cycle with a goal to arrive at “neutral.” For those with better things to do than study magic numbers in economics, the neutral rate is essentially inflation plus what economists call “r-star” (r*)– a real rate of interest that’s said to balance the economy. Neutral policy is neither expansionary nor contractionary. Presently, we consider this level to be perhaps 3.5-4.0% (note: for its part, the Fed currently thinks it’s 3%). Meaning, if things go well, we can expect a couple more quarter-point cuts along this path. Now, it’s possible (probable?) this won’t go perfectly to plan without some hiccups, but it could. And if so, that’s conceptually the track forward.

Bond yields take their cues from this base rate math. If 3.5-4.0% represents neutral fed funds and a reasonable term premium for the 10-year Treasury is maybe 1.0% or so, then 4.5-5.0% would be structural equilibrium. On the investment grade corporate side, add about +0.75-1.0% in risk premium. Certainly, these things will move around based on factors like mood, geopolitics, prospects for growth, inflation, and government deficits, making real-time bond yields messier than this straight-forward theoretical exercise. Nevertheless, today is a pretty good time to lock in yields, where appropriate, for balanced accounts.

Over in equity land, unsurprisingly we remain long run bullish on US stocks. The American system endures as the most innovative, dynamic, nimble, and resourceful economy on the planet. The finest universities, brightest minds, and most cutting-edge companies all reside here, not to mention the deepest and most efficient capital markets around. Combined, this is what Buffett calls the “American tailwind” – a force the now 94-year-old sage still believes will propel us onward in the years and decades to come. We agree. Accordingly, our belief is that stock prices will continue to do what they’ve always done: track the general direction of workforce demographics, economic growth, innovation, and business profits, all of which move up over time taking with them the long-term oriented investor.

Speaking of corporate profits, the single biggest item that informs stock prices, they’re at record highs. It’s likely that the S&P 500 logged ~$240 in earnings-per share (EPS) in 2024. If the economy holds up (our base case) we could see ~$275 in 2025 and perhaps ~$300 in 2026! For perspective, EPS troughed at ~$138 during Covid and was ~$162 the year before the pandemic. US companies are quite skilled at making money. More importantly, our portfolio companies continue to shine on this front. We still skew positive for our outlook on corporate earnings. Naturally though, there are some warts. Notable is valuation as stocks aren’t cheap. However we don’t deem them as expensive as those who cite “24x”, CAPE, or whatever. Moreover, it depends on where one chooses to look. Are there expensive parts of the market? Absolutely. More attractive expanses? Totally. At the index level, the S&P 500 currently has a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) of just over 24x 2024 EPS and 21x that of 2025. Again, not cheap, but not crazy either. It’s been higher at times, and P/E is a terrible timing tool (its best use is to gage expected returns over longer periods, like a decade) so we can’t glean much from these figures as to where the market goes short run. Resultantly, we judge valuation as OK especially if earnings are expanding, inflation is benign, and we’re in an easing cycle with sensible and stable(ish) long rates. Too, post-election, we believe that earnings over the next year or two might come in higher than existing estimates on the notion that less regulation, lower taxes, and increased buybacks could fuel even loftier figures. We’ll see.

Underneath the index level, technology, AI, and the ‘Mag 7’ do look richer relative to other areas, while most everything else is cheaper (S&P 500 is ~16x ex-tech). Spots like health care (and other “defensives”), industrials, REITs, small caps, mid-caps, international, all sport lower valuations – both on a relative and absolute basis. The practical application of this being that portfolio construction and investment tilts matter, while diversification is still the only “free lunch” when investing. If equities broaden out (in earnest) in 2025, it’ll be important to have suitable exposures while preserving deliberate tilts toward quality businesses in tech and growing consumer names. Adding up the puts and takes, we think it unlikely the S&P 500 will be driven by multiple expansion in the years to come. Rather, earnings growth may contribute the lion’s share of the return. But don’t let that get you down beat. If earnings compound at, say, +6-8% (utterly doable) while dividends and buybacks add another couple percent, then the S&P 500 as purely an “earnings growth and shareholder returns story” can be a good stock market indeed. Falling P/Es would be a head wind to this calculus, but for now that’s not our expectation.

As we look ahead to 2025 we are calling it “A Year of Three-Twos.” That is, a US economy firmly growing mid-2s; (core) US inflation settling into the mid-2s; and a Fed that maybe cuts 2 times. 222 … an “angel number” (let’s hope!). Of course, amid all these variables and moving parts we’ll continue to do our job as your investment manager in navigating the landscape for our companies / investments. Thanks for your continued trust in us, and Happy New Year!

PLANNERS CORNER by Anders Skagerberg

As we step into 2025, the planning team remains committed to guiding you to a lifetime of good decisions. 

The start of a new year is a chance to reflect, refocus, and take meaningful steps toward your financial goals. Whether you’re planning for a major milestone, fine-tuning your retirement plan, or simply looking to enhance your financial knowledge, we’re here to support you every step of the way.

Looking back, 2024 was a big year – markets were up, we had a presidential election, and so much more. As we look forward to the new year, no one knows for certain what it will hold, but we’re confident that with thoughtful planning and a focus on what truly matters, it can be a year of progress, opportunity, and positive change.

In this planner’s corner update, we will cover:

  1. How to Crush Your Financial Goals in 2025
    Practical tips and strategies to set meaningful goals, automate your success, and celebrate progress along the way.
  1. Key Updates for 2025
    A look at higher contribution limits, expanded gifting opportunities, Social Security adjustments, and new catch-up provisions for those nearing retirement. 
  1. What We’re Working on This Quarter
    An overview of our initiatives, from updating RMD calculations to integrating income and employer benefits changes into your financial plan.

Let’s make 2025 a year of financial progress and success. Together, we’ll navigate the opportunities and challenges ahead with confidence and clarity!

Next, How to Crush Your Financial Goals in 2025

As we kick off the new year, it’s the perfect moment to take a step back and think about what matters most to you—and how your finances can support that vision. 

Depending on your stage of life, your financial goals might be less about growing your wealth and more about maintaining it, simplifying your financial life, or finding ways to use your money to create lasting memories with those you love. 

Whatever your focus, the key is to make your goals clear and actionable.

Instead of aiming to “save more” or “spend less,” think about specifics. Maybe you want to fund a family trip, increase your charitable giving, or update your estate plan. Having a concrete goal gives you something to measure progress against—and makes it much easier to see the finish line.

Once you’ve clarified your goals, it’s time to focus on how to make them happen. One of the simplest ways to stay on track is to automate whenever possible. Automating your distributions, bill payments, or even charitable contributions ensures you’re consistent without having to think about it too much. Plus, it gives you more time and energy to focus on what really matters—whether that’s planning your next adventure, enjoying time with family, or pursuing a hobby you love.

Of course, flexibility is just as important as structure. Life has a way of throwing curveballs—unexpected expenses, changes in tax laws, or even an unexpected opportunity you want to pursue. Having some wiggle room in your financial plan can help you roll with the punches while staying on track. For some, that might mean keeping a healthy amount of cash on hand or simply revisiting their plan more regularly to make adjustments.

As you think about the year ahead, it’s also worth reflecting on the bigger picture. How does your financial plan fit into the legacy you’re building? Maybe it’s about leaving something meaningful for your loved ones or supporting causes you’re passionate about. Having a conversation with your family about your values, your estate plan, or even your charitable intentions can make all the difference in ensuring your vision is carried forward in the way you intend.

Finally, don’t forget to pause and appreciate the progress you’ve already made. Achieving your goals—big or small—is worth celebrating. 

Whether it’s checking off a bucket-list experience, reaching a financial milestone, or simply enjoying the peace of mind that comes with knowing you’re on track, these moments matter. They remind us that financial success isn’t just about the numbers; it’s about living the life you want and sharing it with the people you love.

Here’s to making 2025 a year full of progress, purpose, and the joy that comes from seeing your hard work pay off.

Next up, here are some key financial updates to be aware of for 2025.

Key Updates for 2025:
  • Higher Contribution Limits:

401(k)/Roth 401(k): Increased to $23,500, with a $7,500 catch-up for those aged 50+.

IRA/Roth IRA: Remains at $7,000 with an additional $1,000 catch-up if you’re 50+.

HSA: Increased to $4,300 for individuals and $8,550 for families, with a $1,000 catch-up for those aged 55+.

Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs): Increased to $108,000 for those over age 70.5. This can be a great way to support the charities you love while receiving valuable tax savings.

  • Social Security Benefits COLA Increase:

Social Security benefits will receive a 2.5% Cost-of-living increase for 2025.

  • Expanded Gifting Opportunities:

The annual gift tax exclusion has increased to $19,000, (up from $18,000) offering more opportunities for tax-efficient wealth transfers. This means that you can give $19,000 tax-free each year to any person. For a couple, that’s a combined $38,000 per year they can give to a single person.

  • NEW “Extra” Catch-Up Contributions for those age 60, 61, 62, and 63:

Larger catch-up contribution limits are now in place for those aged 60-63, making it easier to save more if you’re nearing retirement age. The limit is $11,250 instead of $7,500. This is a new change as of this year and is part of the Secure 2.0 Act passed in 2022.

  • Inherited IRA RMDs

If you inherited an IRA from someone other than your spouse after January 1, 2020, the SECURE Act introduced a 10-year rule requiring the account to be fully distributed by the end of the 10th year following the original owner’s death. For beneficiaries where the original account owner had already begun taking required minimum distributions (RMDs), the IRS requires annual RMDs in addition to the account being emptied by the end of the 10-year period.

However, due to clarifications and administrative challenges, the IRS waived the annual RMD requirement for 2020 through 2024. This means that even if you didn’t take any distributions during these years, you did not face penalties. Starting in 2025, the annual RMD requirement will resume, and beneficiaries must take these distributions or potentially face penalties. The 10-year deadline for fully depleting the account remains unchanged.

If you are interested in learning more about any of these updates or need additional clarification, as always, we are here to support you. 

Next up, here are some of the things we are working on this quarter as well as a few action items for you.

What We’re Working on This Quarter

The start of the year is always a busy time, and we’re focused on ensuring your financial plan is positioned for success. Here’s what the planning team is focused on:

  • Calculating Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) for those who need them. For those who take monthly distributions to satisfy your RMD, we will be updating those amounts as well to reflect your new RMD for the year. 
  • Updating Payroll Information and Benefits: If you’ve had changes in pay or recently made benefits elections during open enrollment, we’re integrating those updates into your plan.
  • Annual Tax Packages: for those with taxable accounts (non-retirement accounts) you will be receiving your annual tax package that includes a summary of your portfolio income for 2024. Reminder: this is not a tax document, just a summary. Investment account tax documents will be available from custodians starting in mid-February.

Action Items for You:

  • If you’ve received a raise, send us your updated pay stub so we can adjust your financial plan accordingly.
  • If your employer has an open enrollment period, share your benefits details with us to ensure your elections align with your goals.

Of course, this list is just a glimpse of what we’re focusing on this quarter. As always, we’re here to handle the details so you can stay focused on what matters most.

Ultimately, we’re thrilled to kick off another year of partnering with you to make thoughtful, informed financial decisions. Here’s to a successful and prosperous 2025!


Albion Financial Group is an SEC registered investment advisor. The information provided is intended solely for educational purposes and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any particular securities product, service, or investment strategy. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. Additional information about Albion Financial Group is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov under CRD number 105957. Albion Financial Group only transacts business in states where it is properly registered, notice filed or excluded or exempted from registration or notice filing requirements.

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Conference Call Recording – November 12, 2024

Conference Call – Recorded November 12, 2024

In Albion’s November 2024 Conference Call, our panelists discussed the following topics:

  • Essential Year-End Planning Items
  • Macro-Economic Report
  • Wage Growth Relative to Inflation
  • Tariffs
  • Interest Rates & The Fed’s Posture
  • Mortgage Rates & Treasury Yields
  • Market Valuations
  • Mergers & Acquisitions and Initial Public Offerings in 2025
  • Stock Market Risks
  • Money Market and Cash Equivalent Yields
  • Geopolitical Concerns and Global Markets
  • AI Investments and Albion’s NVIDIA Acquisition
  • US Government Deficit
  • AI Infrastructure & Renewable Energy

Stream or download the audio recording of the call by clicking on this link.


Albion Financial Group is an SEC registered investment advisor. The information provided is intended solely for educational purposes and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any particular securities product, service, or investment strategy. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. Additional information about Albion Financial Group is also available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov under CRD number 105957. Albion Financial Group only transacts business in states where it is properly registered, notice filed or excluded or exempted from registration or notice filing requirements.

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Quarterly Letter Excerpt: Economy and Markets

If something cannot go on forever, it will stop. Economist Herbert Stein articulated this principle nearly forty years ago when discussing growing trade deficits with lawmakers. This humble insight can be applied to many situations. These days it feels as though post-pandemic economic strength will go on forever. Yet, we know that it won’t. It can’t. Our central theme of “normalization” is evident over the past eighteen months, and eventually the business cycle will overcorrect causing recession (not to be feared entirely as contractions cleanse the system). But that day isn’t today. Indeed, as we exit the first quarter the US economy is doing fine. Better than fine really, it’s quite robust. Consumer spending is resilient, jobs are plentiful, businesses are investing, and government budgets are expansionary. Real GDP grew by +2.5% in 2023, accelerating from the previous year, and estimates for Q1 sit around +2%. While these are backward-looking figures, more current information – like spending data from credit and debit card companies, retail sales, services PMIs, jobless claims, and even (recently) improving consumer confidence – suggests that momentum has carried into 2024.

But why the potency? The simple truth is economic strength is closely tied to jobs, which remains solid. And because the economy is strong that keeps the labor market strong as business profits support employment and wages. It’s a virtuous loop. And while signs of normalization (there’s that word again) in the labor are present, like softer demand for workers and increased supply, layoffs are low and hiring is steady. This balance is beneficial nurturing a more secure foundation. Until this situation changes, economic expansion should continue. The critical question is now, can we successfully move from too tight to well-adjusted in the jobs market without the pendulum swinging negative? Time will tell.

Inflation’s stride has also cooled over the past 20 months, from over 9% to roughly 3%. While much progress has been made, Jerome Powell asserts more work and greater confidence in the trend is needed to declare victory. We agree. The Fed’s target is ~2% and the “last mile” won’t be easy. Still, our long-held view endures – the contemporary war against inflation will be won.

Speaking of the Fed, last July we opined that the central bank was done hiking interest rates. Be it lucky or good, that view proved correct. We continue to reason that the Fed won’t need to raise rates further. We’ve gone from 0% to ~5.5%, a ton of credit tightening, and without a jump in unemployment. Job well done. The new Wall Street parlor game centers on how long the Fed will maintain its current stance before lowering rates. The answer hinges on the trajectory of the economy, employment, and inflation. Our best guess is the first cut will occur in the second half of this year.

All told, “soft landing” odds have increased compared to a year ago, a time when our preferred forward indicators signaled maximum caution. Several indicators have improved, meaning there’s been considerable diminution of risk over the past year. At this point we see recession odds at about a coin toss (down from over 80%). Historically, in any given year it’s ~15%.

In bonds, the action will likely be on the front end of the yield curve as big moves further out have mostly occurred. While things can move cyclically based on data and mood, structurally speaking longer duration securities appear sensibly priced for the current environment.

Meanwhile, firms are in good shape with profits holding steady in 2023. Despite “no growth”, revenues were higher last year due to an advancing economy and increasing prices. But so too were costs, in many cases more than revenues, resulting in compressed operating margins and inert profits. Looking ahead, analysts predict energetic earnings growth of +11% in 2024 and +13% for 2025, driven by a healthy economy and margin re-expansion. Those are high bars. From our perch, margins may have indeed bottomed if we can avoid a downturn. Thus the near-term direction of profits will largely hinge on the macroeconomy. Regardless, our primary attention is the longer-term outlook. Especially for those investments we own on your behalf. And here, we are optimistic for the years ahead.

For its part, the stock market has continued its momentum, driven by expectations of no recession and Fed rate cuts. Despite unease over the looming election, investor attitudes are (unsurprisingly) cheerful on the back of impressive recent performance. Moreover, the inflation problem is under control and geopolitics, while tense, sit more at a simmer than a boil. Yet risks remain if fundamentals, including lofty earnings expectations, fail to deliver.

On valuation, there’s some level of enthusiasm to be sure, particularly in areas like AI. However, at this juncture, this verve is probably more rational than irrational (paging Alan Greenspan and Bob Shiller!). As declared, the economy is sound, inflation is falling, the 10-year Treasury yield is off its peak, the Fed has finished raising rates, corporate earnings are ample, and technology is bliss. Given this backdrop, although the stock market is not exactly cheap, it is also not overly expensive when you consider where key factors like inflation, interest rates, and profits are expected to be in the coming years. Moreover, there is still approximately $6 trillion in cash “on the sidelines,” mainly in money market funds, a portion of which (not all, but some) will likely seek higher returns when the Fed eventually begins to ease.

Bottom line: while short-term estimates vary, our longer run outlook for US equities remains wildly bullish.

As always, there is perpetual motion in economics and financial markets, so it’s vital to make decisions based on the available information. We find great joy in this important vocation. Which I suppose leads us back to where we began, with Mr. Stein’s observation … but with a twist. What happens if something, like the work of a steadfast financial advisor, can go on forever? Thanks for your unrelenting trust.


Albion Financial Group is an SEC registered investment advisor. The information provided is intended solely for educational purposes and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any particular securities product, service, or investment strategy. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.

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Conference Call Recording – February 2024

Albion Financial Group – February 2024 Conference Call Video Recording

In our most recent conference call our panelists delved into the economic context of early 2024, touching upon various topics such as tax deadlines, interest rates, Artificial Intelligence, recession forecast, inflation and pricing trends, monetary policy, portfolio asset allocation, Secure 2.0 legislation, estate planning, and more!

Stream the audio of yesterday’s conference call at this link.

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Quarterly Letter Excerpt: From John Bird’s Desk

Annual rate of homicides in the U.S.

For the last year and a half Albion has been sponsoring children at the Woodrow Wilson school, a Salt Lake City elementary school where 90% of the students qualify for food aid. Each month in conjunction with the Utah Food Bank we fill grocery bags for the children to take home to their families.


The students are just like you’d expect from a group of youngsters. Curious, energetic, funny, loud, silly, and occasionally contemplative. The food makes a significant difference for them and their families. For us it highlights the similarities among all of us. Regardless of economic circumstance most of us hope to have strong and caring relationships with our family and friends and live in a world where we are safe and find fulfillment while earning a reasonable living. Most of us do strive to get along with our neighbors despite differences of opinion we may have. You wouldn’t know that by reading the headlines. A recent sampling (with names removed) includes:


“Presidential Candidate augers divisive year in angry Christmas rant”


“2024 could bring a radical upending of the global order”


“The Supreme Court could correct Politicians’ huge mistake”


“With support fading and corruption building, will politician quit the race?”


“National anthem kneeler cancels Christmas and gift giving”


“Campus antisemitism finally gets its reckoning after students cheer terrorism”

From these headlines, and hundreds more like them, one might surmise that our overriding emotions are anger and fear. Yet that’s not the case. Yes, there is anxiety and anger in the population. And yes, unfortunately some of the most prominent voices feel they benefit by stoking anger, resentment and fear. Yet the facts show a different story.

Per FBI data violent crime fell 8% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the same quarter last year and property crime fell 6.3% to its lowest level since 1961. But the dire headlines do work. Per Gallup 92% of Republicans, 78% of Independents and 58% of Democrats believe crime is rising.

We hear a lot about unemployment. Some choose to focus on job losses and high unemployment while others are focused on job creation. The current unemployment rate is 3.7% which is close to the low end of the long-term historical range. That’s impressive particularly in light of the rise in interest rates over the last several quarters. However despite high employment and consistent economic growth over half of us think the economy is getting worse, per a recent CNN poll.

Misleading headlines can be found regarding virtually any quantifiable measure. Why do we bring this up in an Albion letter? To highlight that in the work we do we must look past the headlines to what the underlying data tells us is actually happening. While there are clearly challenges in the world, the economic outlook has several bright spots. The Federal Reserve effort to rein in inflation is working. Higher interest rates, while clearly slowing economic activity, have not tipped us into a recession.

Consumers have remained resilient as spending has held up even in the higher rate environment. Companies continue to innovate and in many cases continue to show solid year-over-year earnings growth. Our professional goal for 2024 is to continue to scour the many opportunities to invest in what is working in the world and build and manage portfolios around those bright spots. Our personal task is to see the humanity in
everyone and do what we can with our family, friends, colleagues and peers to ratchet down the temperature that headlines work to inflame. We wish you all a peaceful and prosperous new year.


Albion Financial Group is an SEC registered investment advisor. The information provided is intended solely for educational purposes and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any particular securities product, service, or investment strategy. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.

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Quarterly Letter Excerpt: Economy & Markets

What does it mean to have humility? Classically defined, it is “a feeling or attitude awarding no special standing that makes you better than others.” As we close out the year, there are many lessons 2023 can teach us. Perhaps most salient is the concept of humility, especially relating to financial markets. Sour moods festooned the investment landscape as the year began. Inflation was high, interest rates were rising, stocks (and bonds) had just closed out a tough year, and recession was expected by most. Fast forward twelve months, as the year closes inflation is lower, rates have peaked, stocks (and bonds) logged solid returns, and the US has so far avoided recession. On the latter, while our process is thorough, I got it wrong in 2023. But it’s fanciful to expect that we’ll get everything right. Rather the aim is simply to go to bed a little smarter than when we woke up. To be lifelong learners and compound our knowledge. Fortunately, our toil and tenets position us to do just that.

We lost the venerable Charlie Munger this year. For over six decades Charlie was Warren Buffett’s sage right-hand at Berkshire Hathaway. He used to say, “we try to arrange our affairs so that no matter what happens we’ll never be sent ‘back to go,’” [Monopoly board game reference]. At Albion, we manage money under a similar belief. We don’t speculate. We invest. We don’t bank on short run forecasts when building portfolios. We take a long-term view. Indeed, an investment strategy shouldn’t hang on getting macro and market calls correct, and any such projections must carry a sizable dollop of humility. In practice, this means portfolio execution is incremental as opposed to extensive. Again, avoiding ‘back to go.’ This conduct is core to our investment philosophy. Adhering to these principles, plus sound investment selection, work together to deliver laudable risk-adjusted returns over time. Knowing the future is impossible. Accepting this is the first step to becoming less fragile and more adaptable. Instead, we pursue strategies that can survive whatever may occur.

Now, let’s review the fourth quarter.

The October through December period saw a continuance of the post pandemic expansion. GDP was (very likely) somewhat higher, the labor market is healthy, and consumer demand endures. Meanwhile, as we’ve anticipated, inflation is now about 3% (sub-3% by some measures!) and the Fed has clearly communicated that they’re done hiking rates. On balance, economic and market conditions sit somewhere between favorable and improving. This sent equities bounding higher. Concurrently, business profits – the lifeblood of stock prices – have perhaps bottomed if we avoid recession. That last piece is critical; we’ll revisit in a moment. A
ding against the quarter was the awful Israel / Hamas war that broke out on October 7th. While markets, including energy, have taken the turmoil in stride, the human cost has been immense.

The overall good vibes sent valuations higher. The S&P 500 now goes for about 21.5x trailing earnings and 19.5x 2024 estimates. Not cheap, especially against yields that, despite the recent drop, are near multi-year highs. It’s also not wildly expensive. Profit growth for the whole of 2023 will settle in slightly better than flat (versus 2022) and growth expectations for 2024 infer an impressive +12% stride. And it’s here where the question of recession / no recession matters most. As for Wall Street’s big picture 2024 outlook? The consensus is now (unsurprisingly) cheerful. Economists and strategists expect a decent year for stocks (i.e., building on ’23 gains) and no recession. Our outlook? Unhappily we still see elevated risk of a mild recession. Yes, the economy has been resilient. But just because a slump hasn’t happened yet doesn’t mean it won’t. The business cycle always looks good just before it slides.

Generally, when you spike rates it has a negative impact that works with a lag. The idea that the Fed can take rates from 0% to nearly 5.5% with over a trillion in quantitative tightening (QT), over a short period of time, and that the economic pendulum will stop from strong growth to perfect growth without going negative doesn’t make sense to us. It would be ahistorical to expect that. There’s evidence of this in many of our preferred leading indicators, like LEI and the Treasury yield curve, as well as some early signs that strong employment and a robust consumer may be waning. Add to this those higher rates – plus the view that they may stay up here for a while (“higher for longer”) – and we still see heightened odds of recession near-term. We’re not out of the woods yet.

Despite this stance, with great humility and borrowing from Munger’s book of wisdom, we’re not betting the farm. Instead, the result of our uncharacteristically cautious macro outlook means we’ve added some “defense” to growth portfolios while, importantly, staying fully invested. We consider this approach to strike a functional balance between respecting short-term risks while staying true to our DNA as long-term investors. The big money is not in the buying and selling, but in the waiting. We will continue to manage your precious capital using a resolute investment philosophy, quality securities, and the best possible information. Many thanks for your trust in us. Happy New Year!


Albion Financial Group is an SEC registered investment advisor. The information provided is intended solely for educational purposes and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any particular securities product, service, or investment strategy. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.

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Weekly Market Recap

Weekly Recap:
Equities were mixed last week. In the US, traditional defensives rose,
including real estate, healthcare, and utilities. Technology stocks were mixed, while cyclically sensitive sectors were lower. Small and midcap indices were also down on the week, while major international indices finished higher.

Despite some day to day volatility, bond markets finished close to where
they started. Benchmark 10y US Treasury yields ended the week 1bp lower,
while 30y yields fell 2bp on the week. Investment grade credit spreads were
stable, keep corporate and muni bond prices essentially unchanged.

After setting a new pandemic-era high during the previous week, oil pulled
back on concerns that supply from Iran could return to the market if
sanctions are eased.

Cryptocurrency markets experienced wild price swings coupled with service outages at multiple exchanges after China signaled it would increase
regulatory oversight of crypto mining. Bitcoin finished the week down by
nearly 30%, and extended the selloff over the weekend.

Forward-looking economic news was positive: residential building permits
remained strong, initial jobless claims fell to fresh pandemic lows, and the
Conference Board’s Index of Leading Economic Indicators (LEI) rose to an all-time high on a y/y basis. See the Chart of the Week for a time series

Albion’s “Four Pillars”:

*Economy & Earnings – GDP growth was +6.4% annualized in Q1 2021, and is forecast to accelerate to +8.1% in Q2. Meanwhile, EPS for the S&P 500 turned positive y/y in Q4 2020 and will rise significantly y/y in Q1 2021 as the economy laps the onset of the pandemic.

*Equity Valuation – the S&P 500’s forward P/E of 22x is above the historical average, and long-term valuation metrics like CAPE (cyclically adjusted P/E ratio) suggest that compound annual returns over the coming decade are likely to be in the single digits. That said, lower equity returns may be justified in the context of ultra-low yields on alternatives like bonds and cash.

*Interest Rates – Rates remain low by historical standards despite recent
volatility, supporting equity valuations and lowering borrowing costs.

*Inflation – After staving off deflation early in the pandemic, the Fed has
communicated tolerance for short periods of above-target inflation. A
cyclical bump in inflation may occur in 2021 as pent-up demand is released, testing the Fed’s resolve, but we do not expect higher inflation to persist.

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Weekly Market Recap

Weekly Recap: Equity markets rode a roller coaster fueled by inflation fears last week, with most stocks finishing lower. Headline inflation (as measured by CPI) rose above 4% for the first time since 2008, causing a short-lived spike in interest rates as well as widespread selling in equities as discount rates were
recalibrated. The fear of persistently higher inflation began to subside a bit
on Friday, allowing rates to fall and equities to recoup some of their losses.

Large cap tech stocks were hit the hardest, dragging down sector
performance for communications (-2.0%), information technology (-2.2%), and consumer discretionary (-3.7%). Meanwhile, cyclicals as well as traditional defensive sectors were mixed, with only consumer staples
(+0.4%), financials (+0.3%), and basic materials (+0.1%) finishing higher on the week.

Interest rates finished the week modestly higher, with benchmark 10y
Treasury yields rising 5bp while 30y yields were up 6bp. Credit spreads were mostly stable, resulting in small price declines across all sectors of the bond market on the back of the rise in Treasury yields.

Oil prices rose, with WTI closing back above the $65/barrel threshold.
Meanwhile, the national average price of gasoline rose above $3 per gallon
for the first time since late 2014. See the Chart of the Week for a time series.

Albion’s “Four Pillars”: Economy & Earnings – GDP growth was +6.4% annualized in Q1 2021, and is forecast to accelerate to +8.1% in Q2. Meanwhile, EPS for the S&P 500 turned positive y/y in Q4 2020 and will rise significantly y/y in Q1 2021 as the economy laps the onset of the pandemic.

Equity Valuation – the S&P 500’s forward P/E of 22x is above the historical average, and long-term valuation metrics like CAPE (cyclically adjusted P/E ratio) suggest that compound annual returns over the coming decade are likely to be in the single digits. That said, lower equity returns may be justified in the context of ultra-low yields on alternatives like bonds and cash.

Interest Rates – Rates remain low by historical standards despite recent
volatility, supporting equity valuations and lowering borrowing costs.

Inflation – After staving off deflation early in the pandemic, the Fed has
communicated tolerance for short periods of above-target inflation. A
cyclical bump in inflation may occur in 2021 as pent-up demand is released, testing the Fed’s resolve, but we do not expect higher inflation to persist.

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Weekly Market Recap

Equities finished on a softer note last week, pulling back on Friday after the S&P 500 and Nasdaq composite had set fresh all-time highs on Thursday and Monday, respectively. Sector performance was mixed, with energy, communications, and financials all rising 2% or more, while healthcare and tech were both down ~2% on the week. US small and midcap stocks also finished the week slightly lower, as did international equities.

Bucking the April trend, interest rates began to rise last week. Benchmark 10-year and 30-year Treasury yields both finished 7 basis points higher w/w, the largest weekly increase in rates since mid-March. Credit spreads compressed, cushioning the downward price movement in investment grade corporates, while riskier (and shorter duration) high yield bonds registered small gains.

Commodity prices finished April on a strong upward trajectory, with oil
(WTI) closing above $65/barrel on Thursday before pulling back a bit on
Friday. Many other commodities were up sharply during the second half of
April, including most grains, textiles, and building products.

Economic news was positive last week. Consumer confidence rose sharply in April, jobless claims remain near pandemic-era lows, durable goods orders rebounded, and home prices continued to rise. Meanwhile, the Fed reiterated its commitment to keep rates low and maintain its asset purchase programs, while welcoming signs that the economic recovery is strengthening.

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Weekly Market Recap

Equities posted solid returns last week, led by large cap technology stocks. The S&P 500 reached a new all-time high on Thursday, closing above 4,000 for the first time.

Rates were fairly subdued last week. The Treasury curve flattened modestly, pivoting around the 10-year point, with 2y yields higher by 5bp while 30y yields fell by 2bp. Credit spreads tightened in sympathy with the broader rally in risk assets, allowing corporate bonds to post solid gains.

Oil and the US dollar were both stronger on the week.

Incoming economic data was encouraging. The Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index rose sharply to 109.7, and the ISM Manufacturing Index surged to 64.7, both of which represent pandemic highs.

Friday’s monthly payroll report was also very strong:

* Nonfarm payrolls = +916k (largest monthly gain since August 2020)

* U-3 Unemployment = 6.0% (fell 0.2% sequentially)

* U-6 Underemployment = 10.7% (fell 0.4% sequentially)

* Labor Force Participation Rate = 61.5% (rose 0.1% sequentially)

* Average Weekly Hours Worked = 34.9 (rose 0.3 hrs sequentially)